Table of Contents
         Cover
         Abstract
    Introduction1
      Motivation 1
      Feature Extraction and Timbre 3
    Signal Processing Modules 7
      Introduction 7
      Frequency Domain Analysis 8
        DFT and STFT 8
        Spectral Peak Detection and Tracking 9
          Step 1: Rough Peak Detection 11
          Step 2: Prominent Peak Search 14 
          Step 3: Harmonic Break Search 15
          Step 4: Harmonicity Analysis 16
          Partial Tracking Between Frames 18
        Spectral Centroid 19
        Spectral Smoothness 20
      Time Domain Analysis 21
        Noise Content Analysis: Linear Prediction 22
        Pitch Detection 25
          Autocorrelation 27
          Detection of Periods 28
          Natural Cubic Spline Interpolation 29
          Period Averaging 30
        Amplitude Envelope 31
        Amplitude Modulation 34
        Attack Time 35
    Software Implementation 37
      Introduction 37
      Why Java? 37
      Main Software Structure 38
      Software Features 40
    Conclusion and Further Work42
Appendix44
References53

 

List of Illustrations

Figure 2.1 Short time Fourier transform and Spectral Peak Detection 9

Figure 2.2 Plucked string spectrum 10
Figure 2.3 Peak detection algorithm 11
Figure 2.4 Rough search for peaks 12
Figure 2.5 Actual peak assessment 13
Figure 2.6 Transitional peaks (noise) 13
Figure 2.7 Prominent peak search 14
Figure 2.8 Harmonic break search 16
Figure 2.9 Partial tracking between frames 18 
Figure 2.10 Spectral centroid of french horn and electric bass at 44.1 kHz 20
Figure 2.11 White noise, sine wave and electric bass spectral smoothness 21
Figure 2.12 Vocal tract model 22
Figure 2.13 Noise content analysis flute and electric bass 23
Figure 2.14 Noise content analysis 24
Figure 2.15 Noise content analysis of electric bass 25
Figure 2.16 Pitch computation 26
Figure 2.17 Error plot: interp., interp. with period averaging and DFT 26
Figure 2.18 Autocorrelation signal, sine wave at 100 Hz 27
Figure 2.19 Autocorrelation signal, sine wave at 1010 Hz 28
Figure 2.20 Peak detection through zero crossing and interpolation 29
Figure 2.21 Natural cubic spline 30
Figure 2.22 Peak averaging (with number of peaks) 31
Figure 2.23 Electric bass envelope 32
Figure 2.24 Amplitude envelope 33
Figure 2.25 Amplitude modulation analysis 34
Figure 2.26 Amplitude modulation alto-saxophone 35
Figure 3.1 Main software architecture 39
Figure 3.2 Snapshot of software 40
Figure A.1 Rough peak detection 47
Figure A.2 Prominent peak search 48
Figure A.3 Harmonic break search, general flowcharts 49
Figure A.4 Harmonic break search, sub-module flowcharts 50
Figure A.5 Harmonic analysis, general flowchart 51
Figure A.6 Harmonic analysis, detailed flowchart 52
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Software features 40

 
 

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